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Fig. 2 | 3D Printing in Medicine

Fig. 2

From: Intracranial vasculature 3D printing: review of techniques and manufacturing processes to inform clinical practice

Fig. 2

Segmentation of 3DRA, CTA, and MRA. a Initial 3D volume from thresholding a right carotid injection 3DRA includes only the vasculature due to the density of contrast and spatial resolution of angiography. b Region growing removes any external branches in one mouse click. 3DRA results in the most accurate 3D model of the intracranial vasculature in the fastest time. c Initial 3D volume from thresholding an MRA includes non-arterial structures to be removed. d Region growing removes any soft tissue and venous contamination in one mouse click, producing the second fastest and second most accurate vascular model with less robust distal vasculature than 3DRA. e CTA initial threshold shows that the arterial tree cannot be separated from bone, venous contamination, and some soft tissue by Hounsfield units alone. f After region growing, non-arterial structures, such as the dural venous sinuses (superior sagittal sinus, shaded light blue), remain that must be removed by manual trimming tools

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3D Printing in Medicine

ISSN: 2365-6271

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