Fig. 1
From: Desktop 3D printed anatomic models for minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass
A Axial CT images for patient 9 showing the LIMA to MS (3.8 cm) and LAD to MS (4.0 cm) distances in the 4th ICS, and (B) full field of view axial image at the level of the right nipple showing the NTR (5.5 cm) distance. C Volume rendered image including the LIMA (white) and LAD (red); this is part of the standard 3D visualization, (D) The same view of the volume in (C) including the bony structures for reference. Because the 3D visualization includes individually segmented parts, the display on a 2D screen can be manipulated by the cardiovascular imager and the surgeon