Table 3 Patient Data Summary. Patients who underwent 3D printing and complex IVC filter retrieval. Patient 9 was 3D printed using material jetting (MTJ) to delineate additional anatomy that was important for removal. This required a significantly longer print time and material volume than vat polymerization (VP) 3D printing used for the other patients. Anatomic modeling utility points (AMUPs) are reported for each patient based on the scoring system in Table 2
Patient | Filter Type | Reason for Complex Classification | Filter Dwell-Time (years) | AMUPs | Additional Parts in Model | Clinician Time (min) | Non-Clinician Time (min) | 3D Printer (Technology) | Print Time (min) | Post-Print Processing Time (min) | Materials Used | Material Volume (cc) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Double-stacked Cook Gunther Tulip Filters | Extended dwell, tip embedded, significant tilt, thrombus, prior attempt and failure of retrieval at outside hospital, poorly accessible | 15.7 | 500 | - | 60 | 330 | Form3B (VP) | 150 | 60 | Clear Resin | 5.6 |
2 | Bard Eclipse/G2X filter | Extended dwell, fibrin sheath, leg extension into renal veins | 12.7 | 350 | - | 30 | 150 | Form3B (VP) | 105 | 60 | Clear Resin | 4.5 |
3 | Cook Celect | Extended dwell, fibrin sheath, extravascular struts | 12.7 | 300 | - | 15 | 105 | Form3B (VP) | 225 | 60 | Clear Resin | 6.7 |
4 | Denali | Tip adherence to wall, previously failed sheath/snare retrieval | 0.2 | 200 | - | 30 | 210 | Form3B (VP) | 120 | 90 | Clear Resin | 4.2 |
5 | Denali | Extended dwell, contracted morphology of IVC filter with severe stenosis of the vessel and extensive collaterals | 1.2 | 450 | - | 30 | 210 | Form3B (VP) | 105 | 60 | Clear Resin | 3.5 |
6 | Option Elite | Extended dwell, thrombus formation below the filter extending to but not into the iliac veins, extended dwell, poorly accessible | 4.5 | 450 | 30 | 180 | Form3B (VP) | 120 | 90 | Clear Resin | 2.8 | |
7 | Denali | Extended dwell, thrombus formation, previously aborted attempt at outside hospital | 1.3 | 450 | - | 30 | 105 | Form3B (VP) | 120 | 60 | Clear Resin | 2.2 |
8 | Trapease | Extended dwell, embedded strut, fractured filter, extracaval penetration of strut, significant tilt, possible thrombus, poor accessibility | 19.3 | 350 | - | 15 | 105 | Form3B (VP) | 180 | 60 | Clear Resin | 9.3 |
9 | Denali | Extended dwell, fibrin sheath suspected, tip embedded in lumbar vein, probable fractured strut | 5.6 | 250 | IVC; lumbar vein | 30 | 255 | Stratasys J5 (MJT) | 585 | 60 | MED610; DraftWhite; VeroCyan-V; VeroMagenta-V; VeroYellow-V; SUP710 | 125.0 |