Fig. 2

Superior sulcus (Pancoast) tumor successfully resected: example of ‘Intermediate’ 3D printing. Traditionally, a complex resection for this patient population would require an open procedure, if surgery was attempted. Video Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) has lower surgical exposure when compared to procedures with much broader skin incisions. A key tenent of 3D printing is that it has increasing utility for less, or minimally invasive procedures because there is less surgical exposure in the operating room. A anterior view of anatomic model showing left sided tumor at the lung apex; B coned down view showing the relationship of the tumor with surrounding structures that must be preserved at the time of resection. Published with kind permission of © Mayo clinic. All Rights Reserved. Reproduced from Rybicki, F.J., Morris, J.M., Grant, G.T. (eds) 3D Printing at Hospitals and Medical Centers: A Practical Guide for Medical Professionals. Springer, Cham. Switzerland. DOI: https://doiorg.publicaciones.saludcastillayleon.es/10.1007/978-3-031-42851-7