Fig. 3

Following the final mesh adjustments, the STL file was processed using Ultimaker Cura (Version 3.9), a slicing software that converts 3D models into GCODE—a coordinate-based format required by the printer. Key print parameters such as infill density, shell thickness, and support structures were carefully configured to optimize accuracy and stability. Support elements were strategically placed to reinforce overhangs and prevent deformation during fabrication. The model was printed using Hyper PLA (polylactic acid) filament, selected for its balance of dimensional precision, surface detail, and mechanical strength